ABSTRACT Wasps that belong to the genus Ophelimus develop galls on Eucalyptus spp., and E. globulus is considered among the most susceptible species. In 2003, a new species of Ophelimus was detected in Chile. This species forms galls on E. globulus and E. camaldulensis, and it was recently considered as Ophelimus migdanorum nov sp. The present study was carried out 16 yr after its detection and it was aimed to determine the presence of Ophelimus in plantations of E. globulus located in Maule, Biobío and La Araucanía Regions, which represent 76% of the area covered with this species in the country. Between August and September 2017, a total of 165 sampling forest farms were established in stands of E. globulus, located in these regions of the country. In each farm, twigs were collected that represented formation of galls and maintained in laboratory conditions until the emergence of adults. These were identified according to their external morphological characteristics. The presence of O. migdanorum and Closterocerus chamaeleon was determined. Both species emerged together in all the regions considered in the study, 92.1% and 46.7% of the evaluated forest farms, respectively. Then Ophelimus migdanorum is widely distributed in Maule, Biobío and La Araucanía Regions, in Chile

This study describes the life cycle of Agrotis malefida Guenée, 1852 (Noctuidae: Noctuinae) under laboratory conditions. The insects were reared in a controlled environment (25 ± 1ºC, 70 ± 10% RH and 14 hours photo phase) and observed daily. The larvae were fed Greene's artificial diet and adults were offered a 10% sucrose solution. The viability and duration of immature stages were assessed. The experiment initiated with 2,410 eggs. Larvae were isolated shortly after hatching. Longevity, pre-, post- and oviposition, fecundity and fertility of 13 adult couples were also evaluated. The viability of eggs, larvae, pupae and pre-pupae was 96.72, 91.25, 78.37 and 95.26%, respectively. The average duration of egg, larva, pre-pupa, pupa and adult was 7.93, 54.26, 61.61, 37.43 and 12.85 days, respectively. The immature stage of A. malefida lasted an average of 161.29 days, ranging from 102 to 227 days. The life cycle of A. malefida is much longer than that of congeners. The mean fecundity was 1,696.77 eggs and fertility 1,641.15 larvae per female. Under the conditions in which the study was conducted, the biotic potential of A. malefida was of 606,666.59 individuals/female/year. The results also indicated that this species goes through larval (pre-pupae) and pupal diapause.

Se identifican las especies de nóctuidos de importancia económica en cultivos de flores ornamentales para exportación en Colombia. El estudio incluyó 15 fincas cultivadoras de flores, localizadas en los dos departamentos con mayor producción de flores del país; Cundinamarca, municipios de Bogotá, Bojacá, Chía, Cota, El Rosal, Facatativá, Funza, Madrid, Sopó, y Tocancipá; y Antioquia, municipio de Rionegro. Huevos, larvas y pupas de estos insectos fueron recolectados y criados hasta el estado adulto. Las polillas fueron identificadas empleando claves taxonómicas basadas en caracteres de la maculación alar, y genitales de machos y hembras; se identificaron siete especies de nóctuidos; se encontraron Pseudoplusia includens y Megalographa biloba en Cundinamarca. Spodoptera frugiperda y S. ornithogalli en el municipio de Rionegro. Agrotis ipsilon, Peridroma saucia y Copitarsia decolora en ambos departamentos. C. decolora se encontró en todos los municipios y hospedantes revisados por lo cual se considera la especie más común entre las dos regiones. Se discute también la variación intraespecífica de estas especies.

The noctuid species of economic importance in ornamental flower crops of Colombia are identified. The study included 15 flower-cultivating farms located in the two departments with the largest production of flowers in the country: Cundinamarca, municipalities of Bogotá, Chía, Cota, El Rosal, Facatativá, Funza, Madrid, Sopó, and Tocancipá; and Antioquia, municipality of Rionegro. Eggs, larvae and pupae of these insects were collected and reared to the adult stage. The moths were identified employing taxonomic keys based on characters of wing maculation, and male and female genitalia. Seven noctuid species were identified. Pseudoplusia includens and Megalographa biloba were found in Cundinamarca. Spodoptera frugiperda and S. ornithogalli in the municipality of Rionegro. Agrotis ipsilon, Peridroma saucia, and Copitarsia decolora in both states. C. decolora was found in all municipalities and hosts examined, therefore considered the most common species between the two regions. Intraspecific variation of these species is also discussed.

Copitarsia decolora es una especie polífaga ampliamente distribuida con un gran número de cambios nominales debido a su plasticidad fenotípica. Examinamos 14 machos de México, Colombia, Venezuela, Perú y Chile y revisamos la literatura producida entre 2003 y 2008. Realizamos un análisis del clasper (digitus) de los órganos genitales masculinos del complejo de C. decolora mediante una disección estándar. Utilizamos fotografías de microscopio electrónico de barrido (SEM) del corion de los huevos como carácter taxonómico. El género Copitarsia queda compuesto por 23 especies. C. corruda se considera un sinónimo de C. decolora (Guenée).

The moth Copitarsia decolora: a review of the species complex based on egg and male genital morphology (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Copitarsia decolora is a widely distributed polyphagous species with a large number of nominal changes due to phenotypic plasticity. We reviewed 14 males from Mexico, Colombia, Venezuela, Peru and Chile and the literature produced between 2003 and 2008. An analysis of the clasper complex of C. decolora male genitalia was performed by standard dissection. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) photographs of eggs structures were used as taxonomic characters. The genus Copitarsia comprises 23 species. C. corruda is considered a synonym of C. decolora. Rev. Biol. Trop. 58 (2): 769-776. Epub 2010 June 02.

The male oí Pseudoleucania masatierrae Carrera-Suárez & Olivares n. sp. from Robinson Crusoe Island (= Más a Tierra), Archipiélago Juan Fernández, V Región, Chile is described and illustrated. Its distribution and relationship with the closely related species Pseudoleucania onerosa (Kóhler) are discused.

Se describe e ilustra el macho de Pseudoleucania masatierrae Carrera-Suárez & Olivares n. sp. proveniente de la Isla Robinson Crusoe (= Más a Tierra), Archipiélago Juan Fernández, V Región, Chile. Se discute su distribución y la relación con la especie más próxima Pseudoleucania onerosa (Kóhler).

We describe and illustrate the adult and genitalia of male and female Copitarsia uncilata Burgos & Leiva sp. nov. which is distributed in Colombia and Mexico. The new species is characterized by having a broad spatulated uncus with an apical medium projection, digitus white a wide concave apical emargination and ampulla with recurved apex protruding from the valve. It is externally similar to Copitarsia decolora (Guenée).

Se describe e ilustran los adultos y genitalia de macho y hembra de Copitarsia uncilata Burgos & Leiva sp. nov., que se distribuye en Colombia y México. La nueva especie se caracteriza por poseer un uncus ancho apicalmente espatulado con una diminuta proyección dorsal bulbosa, digitus de corte apical ampliamente cóncavo y una ampulla con ápice recurvado que sobresale de la valva, externamente es similar a Copitarsia decolora (Guenée).

The species Agrotisia subhyalina Hampson is recorded for the first time from Chile (18° 29' S 70° 20' W to 29° 54' S 71° 16' W, I to IV Chilean regions). Redescriptions of male and female are presented, along with some taxonomic aspects of the species.

Se registra por primera vez en Chile la especie Agrotisia subhyalina Hampson, entre las latitudes 18° 29' S 70° 20' O hasta 29° 54' S 71° 16' O (I-IV regiones en Chile). Se redescriben los genitales del macho y de la hembra y se presentan algunos aspectos taxonómicos de la especie.

Noctuid moths flutter in the high Andes nights at 4,000 m. s. n. m. Their larvae feed on aerial or underground parts of succulent plants. Many of these species are new to science. Strategies and adaptations of the moths for survival in the high Andes mountains are: a circulatory system that includes an abdominal thoracic countercurrent heat exchanger, and they are insulated from the environment by a coat of dense hair like scales. Recently, during January and July 2004, in the northern desert of Chile, called Salar de Punta Negra, under the salt crust we found a large number of pupae and larvae that correspond to three new species of noctuid moth - this pupation site is located in a 10 m wide area surrounding a water body; the mean observed density is 13 to 15 pupae per 100 cm². This is a new extreme habitat conquered by noctuid moths.

Las polillas revolotean en las noches andinas a los 4000 m. s. n. m.; sus larvas se alimentan de las partes aéreas y subterráneas de las plantas suculentas. Muchas de estas especies son nuevas para la ciencia. Las estrategias y adaptaciones de las polillas para sobrevivir en los Andes son poseer un sistema circulatorio que incluye un sistema de contracorriente intercambiador de calor abdominal y torácico, y ellos se encuentran aislados del ambiente por una densa cubierta de escamas piliformes. Recientemente, durante Enero y Julio del 2004, en el norte desértico de Chile, en el Salar de Punta Negra, bajo costras de sal, donde se encontraron un gran número de pupas y larvas que corresponden a tres especies nuevas; su pupación está localizada a 10 m en una amplia área alrededor de un cuerpo de agua; la densidad media observada es de 13 a 15 pupas por 100 cm². Este es un nuevo hábitat extremo conquistado por los nóctuidos.

Diagnostic larval features of Copitarsia Hampson, C. decolora (Guenée) and C. incommoda (Walker) involving spinneret and pinnaculae are given. Both species are importance quarantine pest for chilean exporters

Se entregan caracteres taxonómicos de las larvas de Copitarsia decolora (Guenée) y C. incommoda (Walker), que permite la diferenciación entre ellas. Ambas especies tiene importancia cuarentenaria para los exportadores en Chile

This alphabetical list consists of the names of all species belong to Dargida Walker, 1856 genus that were described prior to 1 june 2003; Strigania Hampson, 1905 and Faronta Smith, 1908 are synonymies of Dargida Walker, 1856 by comparison with the type species of each genus. In the treatment of each specific taxon the synonymy by confirmation bibliographic is given and a mention of type locality. 53 species of Dargida Walker genus, are listed. The fourtheen new combinations are done

El presente catálogo consiste en la lista alfabética de los nombres de las especies pertenecientes al género Dargida Walker, 1856 y que fueron descritas antes del 1 de junio del 2003. Strigania Hampson, 1905 y Faronta Smith, 1908 son sinónimos de Dargida Walker, 1856 por comparación de las especies tipo de cada género. El tratamiento dedicado a cada taxon específico incluye su sinonímia confirmada por citas y una mención de la localidad tipo. Como resultado, se obtiene una lista de 53 especies asignadas al género Dargida Walker. Se entregan 14 nuevas combinaciones

The first record of a noctuid moth Hemieuxoa polymorpha Forbes, 1933 for Chile is given. Adults have been collected in Alto Patache, Iquique, Chile. Differences between H. polymorpha Forbes and H. conchidia Butler are also given

Se entrega el primer registro del lepidóptero nocturno Hemieuxoa polymorpha Forbes, 1933, para Chile. Adultos han sido recolectados en el sector Alto Patache, Iquique, Chile. Se mencionan las diferencias con la especie más próxima H. conchidia Butler

This work presents a new species closed to S. strigigrapha (Hampson), S. trimaculata sp.nov., from the high Andean region (Las Trancas, VIII Region, Chile). The adult male and its genitalia are described and illustrated

Se describe una nueva especie próxima a S. strigigrapha (Hampson) nominada S. trimaculata n. sp. de la región altoandina (Las Trancas, VIII Región, Chile). Se describen e ilustran el adulto y su genitalia

The ultraestructure of the sibling species of crop importance Copitarsia turbata and Copitarsia incommoda is described. The eggs of those species are characterizing by: transversal ridge, primary cells, secundary cells, micropiles and aeropiles. The pictures of structure at Scanning Electronic Microscopic are given

Se describe la ultraestructura de los huevos de las especies gemelas de importancia económica de Copitarsia turbata (Herrich-Schaeffer) y Copitarsia incommoda Walker. Los huevos de dichas especies se distinguen por la forma, disposición y número de costas transversales, celdas primarias, celdas secundarias, micropilas y aeropilas. Se entregan las fotografías al microscopio electrónico de barrido de las diferentes estructuras

Nineteen species of the saturnidan genera Adetomeris Michener, Ormiscodes Blanchard, Polythysana Walker, Cinommata Butler, Cercophana Felder, Microdulia Jordan, Neocercophana Izquierdo are revised and a checklist with them is elaborated. Each species is analysed in terms of synonymy, biological and morphological data, hosts, flight period, geographical distribution and also by mean male and female photographs. Material used has been obtained from the scientific collections of the Museé d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN), and from the Colecciones Cientificas de la Universidad de Concepción, Chile (UCCC)

Se revisan 19 especies de Saturniidae en Chile, distribuidas en 7 géneros: Adetomeris Michener, Ormiscodes Blanchard, Polythysana Walker, Cinommata Butler, Cercophana Felder, Microdulia Jordan, Neocercophana Izquierdo. Para cada especie se entrega una ficha de reconocimiento que incluyen sinónimos, datos biológicos, morfológicos, hospederos, referencias, distribución geográfica conocida, período de vuelo y fotografias de machos y hembras. Para la obtención de material se utilizaron ejemplares provenientes del Museo de Historia Natural de París, Francia (MNHN) y las Colecciones Científicas de la Universidad de Concepción, Chile (UCCC)

The present work is a catalogue of the species of Copitarsia Hampson, including twenty-one species from North to South America. Two species group are separated taxonomically. They are the species group turbata and the species group incommoda. Also new combinations as well as synonyms for some species are proposed. The genitalia male morphological characters of Copitarsia turbata (Herrich-Schaeffer) y Copitarsia incommoda (Walker) are illustrated

En este trabajo se presentan las especies de Copitarsia Hampson, 1906, las que suman veintiuna especies descritas, distribuidas desde América del Norte a Sudamérica. Taxonómicamente se separan dos grupos de especies: uno de ellos es el grupo especie turbata y el otro es el grupo especie incommoda. También se proponen nuevas combinaciones y sinónimos para algunas especies. Se ilustran los caracteres taxonómicos diferenciales de los machos de Copitarsia turbata (Herrich-Schaeffer) y Copitarsia incommoda (Walker)